609 PB 255 Anatomical Characterization of Root Mass Proliferation of Mark Rootstock (2024)

The Spatial Distribution of Root System in M9 Rootstock Is Affected by Apple Cultivar and Tree Age

Journal of Agricultural Studies

The aim of study was to evaluate how different apple cultivars affect root morphology and spatial distribution of rootstock. The experiment was conducted with three different cultivars; ‘Golden delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Starking’ grafted on M9 dwarfing rootstock. Nine and fourteen years old, French vertical axe trained trees were included in the experiment. The trench profile method was chosen to study the morphology of root system and the counted root intersects were divided into three classes; fine roots (<2mm), medium-sized roots (2-5 mm), and coarse roots (>5 mm). To analyze the spatial distribution of root system, the respective cumulative number of fine roots at three successive distances from the base of tree trunk and the cumulative number of fine roots in three successive distances from soil surface were expressed as percentage versus the total fine roots. Significant effects of scion on the total number of fine roots, and as well, on their side and in depth distributio...

Anatomical study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) roots under flooded condition

Tropical regions are prone to seasonal rains that leave the soil water-logged for long periods. Studying the impact of long-term water-logging on root development is important for fruit tree cultivation in the tropics. Myrtaceae roots are known to develop a protective tissue called polyderm. Among many Myrtaceae fruit trees, we observed that wax apple roots bear the most number of polyderm layers. How do polyderm-bearing roots respond to water-logged condition? In this anatomical study, young and older root tissues of three-year-old wax apple trees grown in normal and long-term water-logged conditions were compared. Root specimens sectioned by freehand or with an ultramicrotome were stained and observed under a fluorescent or optical microscope. Under normal condition, up to 5 layers of polyderm layers, composed of alternating endodermis-like cell layers and thick-walled cell layers with lignin and suberin accumulation, were observed whereas in water-logged condition, polyderm layers got restricted to 2-3 layers. In young water-logged roots, lignin-like accumulation in the inner cortical cell wall was fewer than in normal roots. Aerenchyma developed dramatically in cortical area of roots grown in water-logged condition signaling the hypoxic nature of the soil environment. Decrease of polyderm layers in water-logged condition indicates the insignificance of adding new cell layers with modified cell walls beyond the endodermis. Further experiments must be carried out in varying degrees and periods of water-logging to understand the mechanism controlling cell wall modification in root tissues and to clarify the role of structural changes and its possible long run effects.

Co-ordinated growth between aerial and root systems in young apple plants issued from in vitro culture

Annals of Botany, 2006

Adventitious Root Formation in Stem Cuttings of Quercus bicolor and Quercus macrocarpa and Its Relationship to Stem Anatomy

Effects of Rootstocks and Interstock on Cell Dimensions in Scion Stems of Apple (Malus Pumila MILL.)

New Phytologist, 1974

314 Rootstock Effects on Shoot Morphology of `Delicious' Apple

HortScience, 1994

One way in which rootstocks may influence production efficiency is by altering the number of spurs, and in particular reproductive spurs. However, rootstock influences on the morpholgy of shoots have not been quantified. Measurements were made on `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' trees growing on 17 rootstocks and planted in 1984 as part of the NC-140 regional rootstock trial. In each of the 6 years from 1988-1993, the length of the 2-year old section of wood of selected branches was measured and the number of spurs, flowers and shoots counted. For all rootstocks, trunk cross-sectional area was closely related to shoot length. Trees on P.22 (the most dwarfing rootstock in the planting) had shoot lengths 40-50% of those of trees on seedling rootstocks. For each rootstock, there was a strong negative relationship between shoot length and spur density, but there was not a common relationship among rootstocks. Similarly, flower number per shoot was also related to shoot length with diff...

On the occurrence of adventitious branch roots on root axes of trees

American Journal of Botany, 2005

Swelling of root cell walls as an indicator of their functional state

Biochemistry. Biokhimii͡a, 2001

The swelling capacity of cell walls isolated from different parts of lupine root was investigated. The water content in fragments of intact roots (Q) and swelling coefficient of standardized samples of cell walls (Kcw) were determined, and the dependences of Q and Kcw on the distance from the root tip (L) were plotted. It was shown that the change in Q value along the stretch of the lupine root reaches its maximum at distances of 1.5-6 cm or 7-12 cm from the root tip in 7-day-old and 14-day-old seedlings, respectively, whereas the Kcw value distribution over the root length is virtually invariable. In the radial direction, both the Q and Kcw values in cortex tissues are about twice higher than in the central cylinder. In our opinion, the changes of both Q and Kcw in the radial direction are associated with different degrees of cross-linking between polymer chains in cell wall structures of root cortex and central cylinder. The results of measurement of the Kcw value are consistent w...

Avoiding transport bottlenecks in an expanding root system: Xylem vessel development in fibrous and pioneer roots under field conditions

2012

Anatomical Development of Cell Structure Including Casparian Strip during Root Growth in Grapevines

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2011